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- Government
-
- Long-form name: Republic of Afghanistan.
-
- Type: authoritarian.
-
- Capital: Kabul.
-
- Administrative divisions: 30 provinces (velayat, singular--velayat);
- Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamian, Farah, Faryab,
- Ghazni, Ghowr, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabol, Kandahar,
- Kapisa, Konar, Kondoz, Laghman, Lowgar, Nangarhar, Nimruz,
- Oruzgan, Paktia, Paktika, Parvan, Samangan, Sar-e Pol, Takhar,
- Vardak, Zabol; note--there may be a new province of Nurestan
- (Nuristan).
-
- Independence: 19 August 1919 (from UK).
-
- Constitution: adopted 30 November 1987.
-
- Legal system: has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction.
-
- National holiday: Anniversary of the Saur Revolution, 27
- April (1978).
-
- Executive branch: president, four vice presidents, prime
- minister, deputy prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet).
-
- Legislative branch: bicameral National Assembly (Meli Shura)
- consists of an upper house or Senate (Sena) and a lower
- house or House of Representatives (Wolasi Jirgah).
-
- Judicial branch: Supreme Court.
-
- Leaders: Chief of State and Head of Government--President
- (Mohammad) NAJIBULLAH (Ahmadzai) (since 30 November 1987);
- Chairman of the Council of Ministers Executive Committee
- Soltan Ali KESHTMAND (since 21 February 1989); Prime Minister
- Fazil Haq KHALIQYAR (since 21 May 1990).
-
- Political parties and leaders: only party--the People's
- Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) has two factions--the
- Parchami faction has been in power since December 1979 and
- members of the deposed Khalqi faction continue to hold some
- important posts mostly in the military and Ministry of Interior;
- nonparty figures hold some posts.
-
- Suffrage: universal, male ages 15-50.
-
- Elections:
-
- Senate--last held NA April 1988 (next to be held
- April 1991); results--PDPA is the only party; seats--(192
- total, 115 elected) PDPA 115;
-
- House of Representatives--last held NA April 1988 (next
- to be held April 1993); results--PDPA is the only party;
- seats--(234 total) PDPA 184, 50 seats reserved for opposition.
-
- Communists: the PDPA claims 200,000 members (1988).
-
- Other political or pressure groups: the military and other
- branches of internal security have been rebuilt by the USSR;
- insurgency continues throughout the country; widespread
- anti-Soviet and antiregime sentiment and opposition on religious
- and political grounds.
-
- Member of: ADB, CCC, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA,
- IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB--Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC,
- ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, ITU, NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO,
- WMO, WTO, WSG; suspended from OIC in January 1980.
-
- Diplomatic representation: Minister-Counselor, Charge d'Affaires
- MIAGOL; Chancery at 2341 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington DC
- 20008; telephone (202) 234-3770 or 3771; US--Charge d'Affaires
- (vacant); Embassy at Ansari Wat, Wazir Akbar Khan Mina,
- Kabul; telephone 62230 through 62235 or 62436; note--US
- Embassy in Kabul was closed in January 1989.
-
- Flag: three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red,
- and green with the national coat of arms superimposed on
- the hoist side of the black and red bands; similar to the
- flag of Malawi which is shorter and bears a radiant, rising,
- red sun centered in the black band.
-